Clinicians should evaluate patients with FHA and severe bradycardia, hypotension, orthostasis, or electrolyte imbalance for inpatient treatment. The Endocrine Society recommends correcting the energy ...

Cancer treatments can cause early menopause, with symptoms like hot flashes and mood changes, necessitating early discussion with oncologists for management. Chemotherapy affects the ...

Levels of thyroid hormones in serum are tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (Figure 1). Hypothalamic TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted mainly from the paraventricular ...

Declining female fertility is a health issue that has received broad global attention. Oocyte quality is the key limiting factor of female fertility, and factors affecting oocyte quality involve the ...

The hypothalamus–pituitary–target gland axis has been recognized as a fundamental functional framework of the mammalian endocrine system. The anterior pituitary gland synthesizes and secretes multiple ...